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  • A. The terms style, stylistic are generally used in two different meanings. In lexicology the term functional style is used which may be defined as a system of expressive means peculiar to a specific sphere of communication. Otherwise speaking, the choice of words and of modes of expression depends on the situation in which the process of communication is realized, whether it is a friendly talk, an official letter or report, a poem, a scientific article, etc. According to the situation (or the sphere of communication) we may distinguish formal (bookish, learned) and informal (colloquial) words. The former are peculiar to fiction, scientific prose, lectures, official talks; the latter are used in everyday talks with friends and relatives. One should also keep ip mind that there are a great number of words that are independent of the sphere of communication, i. e. that can be used in a lecture, in an informal talk, in a poem, etc. Such words are stylistically neutral (е.g. bread, word, book, go, takes, white, etc.).
    Students should be warned against taking the term colloquial as a kind of encouragement to use words thus marked as much as possible. The term implies that the words called colloquial are limited by their sphere of usage and, if used in a wrong situation (е.g. in a student's composition, in a conversation with an official acquaintance or with one higher in authority), may produce the impression of impoliteness or even rudeness.
    E. g. He is a jolly chap. = Он парень что надо, (chap n, coll.; jolly adj, coll.) The stylistically neutral way of putting it is: He is a good (fine) man.
    How are the kids? = Как ваши ребята? (kid n, coll.) The stylistically neutral way How are your children?
    I'm all right. = Co мной все нормально. (all right coll.) The stylistically neutral way I feel (am) quite well.
    Compare:
    Neutral Colloquial Bookish
    begin start commence
    continue go on proceed
    end, finish be over (through) terminate
    buy get purchase
    Note also that such abbreviations as I'm, I've, I'll, you'd, you're, etc. are characteristic of colloquial style. Therefore, students will be well advised to avoid them in their compositions, essays, precis, etc.
    B. The term style may be also used with reference to the manner of writing of some particular author. E. g. Hemingway's style is characterized by laconism and lack of detail. The syntax of his sentences is very simple, the dialogues are almost monosyllabic and seemingly unemotional. Yet, through the austere form the author manages sometimes to create a narration of great tension.

  • A. The terms style, stylistic are generally used in two different meanings.Термины"стиль,стилистика " обычно используют в двух разных значениях. In lexicology the term functional style is used which may be defined as a system of expressive means peculiar to a specific sphere of communication. В лексикологии термин "функционал ьный стиль означает систему выразительных средств, характерных для особенной сферы общенияOtherwise speaking, the choice of words and of modes of expression depends on the situation in which the process of communication is realized, whether it is a friendly talk, an official letter or report, a poem, a scientific article, etc.другими словами, выбор слов и способа выражения зависит от ситуации в которой реализуется процесс коммуникации, будь то дружеская беседа, официальное письмо или доклад,стихотворение,научная статья, и т.д. According to the situation (or the sphere of communication) we may distinguish formal (bookish, learned) and informal (colloquial) words.согласно ситуации(или сфере коммуникации)различают формальные(книжные, научные). и неформальные (разговорные ) слова. The former are peculiar to fiction, scientific prose, lectures, official talks; the latter are used in everyday talks with friends and relatives.первые присущи худ лит.,научной прозе,лекциям,официальным беседам,последние используют в разговорах с друзьями и родственниками. One should also keep ip mind that there are a great number of words that are independent of the sphere of communication, i. e. that can be used in a lecture, in an informal talk, in a poem, etc.н адо иметь в виду,что существует огромное количество слов, которые не зависят от сферы коммуникации.,т.е. могут использова ься на лекции, в неформальной беседе,в стихотворении и т.д. Such words are stylistically neutral (е.g. bread, word, book, go, takes, white, etc.).Такие слова стилистически нейтральны(напр.хлеб,слово, книга, идти,берет,белый и т.д.).

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  • Students should be warned against taking the term colloquial as a kind of encouragement to use words thus marked as much as possible.Студентов надо предупреждать не воспринимать термин "разговорный" как призыв использовать подобные слова как можно чаще. The term implies that the words called colloquial are limited by their sphere of usage and, if used in a wrong situation (е.g. in a student's composition, in a conversation with an official acquaintance or with one higher in authority), may produce the impression of impoliteness or even rudeness.термин предполагает, что слова, рпределяемые как разговорные ограничены сферой применения и, если используются в неподходящей ситуации(напр.в сочинении,разговоре с официальным лицом или вышестоящим по рангу)могут произвести впечатление невежливости и даже грубости.
    E. g. He is a jolly chap. = Он парень что надо, (chap n, coll.; jolly adj, coll.) The stylistically neutral way of putting it is:стилистически нейтральный способ выражения He is a good (fine) man.
    How are the kids? = Как ваши ребята? (kid n, coll.) The stylistically neutral wayнейтрал ьный способ How are your children?
    I'm all right. = Co мной все нормально. (all right coll.) The stylistically neutral way ейтральный способ I feel (am) quite well.
    Compare:сравним
    Neutral Colloquial Bookish нейтральный, разговорный,книжный/формальный
    begin start commence
    continue go on proceed
    end, finish be over (through) terminate
    buy get purchase

  • Note also that such abbreviations as I'm, I've, I'll, you'd, you're, etc. are characteristic of colloquial style.Заметьте также,что такие сокращения как...характерны для разговорного стиля. Therefore, students will be well advised to avoid them in their compositions, essays, precis, etc.таким образом,студентам советуют избегать их в сочинениях,эссе,rрезюме и т.д.
    B. The term style may be also used with reference to the manner of writing of some particular authorтермин "стиль" может использоваться при ссылке на манеру письма определенного писателя. Напр. E. g. Hemingway's style is characterized by laconism and lack of detail. Стиль Хемингуэя характеризуется лаконичностью и малым количеством деталей.The syntax of his sentences is very simple, the dialogues are almost monosyllabic and seemingly unemotional.син таксис его предложений очень прост,диалоги --односложны и кажутся не эмоциональными. Yet, through the austere form the author manages sometimes to create a narration of great tension.но все же, через аскетичную форму автору удается иногда создавать повествование, выражающее величайшую напряженность.

  • Которое держит вас в постоянном напряжении.--так лучше.

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