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  • INTRODUCING LONDON
    London is an ancient city. It grew up around the first point where the Roman invaders found the Thames narrow enough to build a bridge. They found a small Celtic settlement then known as Londinium and by A. D. 300 they had turned it into a sizeable port and an important trading centre with a wall which enclosed the homes of about 50,000 people.
    One in seven of the population of the United Kingdom is a Londoner. About 7 million people live in Greater London. London dominates British life. It is the home of the nation's commerce and finance, the main centre of its legal system and the press. It has the largest university and the greatest possibilities for entertainment and for sport in the country. London is one of the famous capital cities of the world, and every year attracts crowds of visitors from home and abroad. They come to explore its historic buildings, to see its museums and galleries, its streets and parks, and its people.
    The built-up area of Greater London stretches 50 kilometres from east to west and many of its districts are linked with particular activities, for example, parliamentary and government activity centres on Parliament Square of Westminster and Whitehall. Just as "Westminster" stands for Parliament so "Whitehall" is often used as the name for central Government.
    Off Whitehall in a small side-street Downing Street — is a quiet, unimpressive house — No. 10 — the official home of Prime Minister.
    Just as Wall Street in New York is the centre of commerce and finance so the City of London, sometimes called "the square mile" is the centre for money matters. Here in Threadneedle Street is the Bank of England — sometimes called "The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street" — the central banking institution whose pound notes form the main currency in the country. Fleet Street near St. Paul's Cathedral used to be a busy street full of foreign, provincial and London newspaper offices such as The Daily Express, The Daily Telegraph.
    Though most of the British national newspaper offices have moved to Wapping, an area in East London, the name of Fleet Street is still used to describe the newspaper industry.
    In South Kensington there are several large museums. The Victoria and Albert Museum with a magnificent collection of fine and applied arts also includes a wide-ranging display of ceramics, metalwork and a selection of Constable's masterpieces which are well worth seeing. The Natural History Museum contains plants, animals and minerals. The Hall of Human Biology enables visitors to learn about their bodies and the way they work. Exhibits in the Science Museum display the discovery and development of such inventions as the steam engine, photography, glass-making, printing and atomic physics. There is a gallery where children can experiment with working models. The Museum of London in the City presents the biography of London, from the founding of London by Romans to the Greater London of today. Within a sguare kilometre or so in London's theatre-land are over thirty theatres, showing a large range of old and modem plays. Smaller "fringe" theatres perform in clubs, pubs and at lunch time.
    London is full of parks and green spaces. Hyde Park, originally a royal hunting forest, is the largest park in London. In summer the Serpentine canal which flows through the park is always full of swimmers, rowers and sunbathers. Just south of the Serpentine is. Rotten Row, a fashionable spot for horse-riding, and in one corner, near Marble Arch is Speakers' Comer; where everyone can go and air their views to anyone who will listen. Beyond Hyde Park lies another royal park, Kensington Gardens. Children gather by the statue of Peter Pan, James Barrie's well-known storybook character, or sail their model boats on the Round Pond. In the north of London is Regent's Park with a zoo and an open-air theatre. A trip along Regent's Canal in a riverboat gives a chance to see London Little Venice, a quiet countryside area for rich people only as the land here is very expensive.
    Like many capital cities, London grew up along a major river. The Thames divides London sharply in two. Most of central London is on the north bank of the river. The Thames at London is tidal and there have been several serious floods. The risk of this is increasing as southern England is sinking in relation to sea level. Threat of disaster, however, has been lessened by the construction of a flood barrier.
    It is always interesting for tourists to take a trip along the Thames in a boat as it gives a striking panorama of London. The best way to see the city quickly is from the top of London red double-decker buses. Special tourist buses go on two-hour circular tours. The other quick and easy way of getting around London is by "tube" — the Underground railway. During the "rash hours", when office workers hurry to and from work, the tube train doors can hardly close behind the crushed crowds.
    London is an ancient city. But it is also a living city and like all living cities it is constantly developing.

  • INTRODUCING LONDONЗнакомим с Лондоном.
    London is an ancient city. It grew up around the first point where the Roman invaders found the Thames narrow enough to build a bridge. They found a small Celtic settlement then known as Londinium and by A. D. 300 they had turned it into a sizeable port and an important trading centre with a wall which enclosed the homes of about 50,000 people.Л--древний город. Он вырос вокруг точки, где римские завоеватели нашли Темзу достаточно узкой,чтобы построить мост. Они нашли маленькое кельтское поселение, известное как Л.и к 300 г н.э. превратили его в. порт и торговый центр со стеной из жилищ почти 50 тыс человек.
    One in seven of the population of the United Kingdom is a Londoner. About 7 million people live in Greater London. London dominates British life. It is the home of the nation's commerce and finance, the main centre of its legal system and the press. It has the largest university and the greatest possibilities for entertainment and for sport in the country. London is one of the famous capital cities of the world, and every year attracts crowds of visitors from home and abroad. They come to explore its historic buildings, to see its museums and galleries, its streets and parks, and its people.каждый седьмой в Соед.Королевстве--лондонец. Около 7 млн живет в большом Л.Л. управляет жизнью страны. Это финансовый и торговый центр, юридический и центр прессы. Там университет и огромные возможности для развлечений и для спорта. Л--одна из известнейших столиц мира и каждый год привлекаает толпы туристов из самой страны и из‐за рубежа. Они приезжают осматривать исторические здания, музеи, галереи,улицы и парки, знакомиться с людьми.
    The built-up area of Greater London stretches 50 kilometres from east to west and many of its districts are linked with particular activities, for example, parliamentary and government activity centres on Parliament Square of Westminster and Whitehall. Just as "Westminster" stands for Parliament so "Whitehall" is often used as the name for central Government.застройка большого Л.простирается на 50 км с востока на запад, многие районы связаны с опред.видом деятельности, напр,парламентский и правит.центры на Парламентской площади Вестминстер и Уайтхолл. Как Вестминстер обозначает парламент,так Уайтхолл используется как слово, обозначающее правительство.
    Off Whitehall in a small side-street Downing Street — is a quiet, unimpressive house — No. 10 — the official home of Prime Minister.За Уайтхоллом. маленькая улочка Даунинг -стрит, с тихим неприметным домом номер 10 --официальной резиденцией премьер‐министра.

  • Just as Wall Street in New York is the centre of commerce and finance so the City of London, sometimes called "the square mile" is the centre for money matters. Here in Threadneedle Street is the Bank of England — sometimes called "The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street" — the central banking institution whose pound notes form the main currency in the country. Fleet Street near St. Paul's Cathedral used to be a busy street full of foreign, provincial and London newspaper offices such as The Daily Express, The Daily Telegraph. Так же как и Уолл стрит в Нью- Йорке является центром торговли и финансов так и Лондонский Сити, иногда называемый "квадратная миля" --центр всего,что связано с деньгами. Здесь на Т str.находится Банк Англии, иногда называемый "старая дама с т.стрит."--центральное банковское учреждение, чьи фунты составляют основную валюту страны. Флит стрит рядом с собором Св, Павла раньше была деловой улицей, заполненной офисами газет, зарубежных,провинциальных и Лондонских.таких как Дейли Экспресс и ДТ.
    Though most of the British national newspaper offices have moved to Wapping, an area in East London, the name of Fleet Street is still used to describe the newspaper industry.хотя большинство газет переехало на Уаппинг.район Вост. Лондона,название Флит стрит используется для описания газетного бизнеса.
    In South Kensington there are several large museums. The Victoria and Albert Museum with a magnificent collection of fine and applied arts also includes a wide-ranging display of ceramics, metalwork and a selection of Constable's masterpieces which are well worth seeing. The Natural History Museum contains plants, animals and minerals. В Южном Кенсингтоне несколько больших музеев.Музей Виктории и Альберта с огромной коллекцией изобразительного и прикладного искусства включает выставки керамики,работ из металла, подборку шедевров Констебла,которые стоит посмотреть. Музей природы хранит растения, животных и минералы.

  • Зал биологи человека позволяет посетителям узнать о строении их тела и его функционировании. Экспонаты музея науки рассказывают об открытиях и развитии таких изобретений, как поровой двигатель, фотография, апроизводство стекла, печатание и ядерная физика. Существует галерея, в которой дети могут экспериментировать с рабочими моделями. Музей Лондона в Сити представляет биографию Лондона со дня основания Лондона римлянами до Большого Лондона сегодняшнего дня. В пределах примерно квадратного километра театральной зоны Лондона находятся свыше 30 театров, в которых идет огромное количество старых и современных пьес. Более мелкие периферийные театры дают свои представления в пабах, клубах и в обеденный перерыв.
    В Лондоне много парков и озелененных территорий. Гайд парк, который первоначально был королевским охотничьим угодьем, является крупнейшим парком Лондона. Летом Серпентиновый канал, который проложен через этот парк, заполнен пловцами, гребцами и загорающими. Сразу к югу от Серпентина находится Роттен Роу, модное местечко для выездки лошадей, а в одном из его углов, возле Мраморной Арки, находится Уголок для Выступающих, куда может пойти каждый человек и изложить свою точку зрения, тем людям, которые будут его слушать. Позади Гайд парка расположен еще один парк-Кенсингтонские сады. Здесь собираются дети вокруг статуи Питера Пэна, известного персонажа из книги Джеймса Барри; они запускают в плавание свои модельные суда на Круглом Пруду . На севере Лондона находится Риджент парк с зоопарком и театром под открытым небом. Короткое путешествие в прогулочном судне Риджент каналу .дает возможность увидеть Маленькую Венецию Лондона, тихую сельскую местность только для богатых людей, так как земля здесь очень дорогая.